Concern is growing about contamination from dairy feedlots as an environmental point-source pollutant in groundwater. Large dairy herds concentrate organic waste in a relatively small land area. Wastewater from the dairy milking center, including wastes from the milking parlor and wash pens (urine, manure, feed solids, hoof dirt) and from the milk house (bulk tank rinse water and cleaning detergents) can be a threat both to groundwater and to surface water (2). The water use of a 100-cow free-stall operation can range from 100 to 1,000 gallons per day. Wastewater is typically collected in a settling lagoon until conditions are suitable for land application or until the liquid evaporates. Lagoons usually are lined with clay, concrete, or a synthetic material; in some cases they are unlined...
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